Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to provide comfort and protection during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary materials used in sanitary napkins.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary napkin, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a blend of fluff pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP).

– **Fluff Pulp**: Derived from wood fibers, fluff pulp is highly absorbent and provides bulk to the core. It is biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: SAPs are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their mass. They enhance the absorbency of the core, preventing leakage and ensuring dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is designed to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying.

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Commonly made from polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and allow for rapid liquid penetration to the absorbent core.
– **Perforated Films**: Some top sheets use perforated plastic films that provide a smooth surface and quick-drying properties, though they may be less breathable than nonwoven fabrics.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary napkin, preventing leakage and providing a barrier to moisture.

– **Polyethylene Films**: These films are waterproof and flexible, ensuring that menstrual fluid does not seep through to clothing.
– **Breathable Microporous Films**: Advanced back sheets use microporous films that allow air to pass through while blocking liquids, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary napkin to the underwear.

– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives are designed to stick firmly to fabric without leaving residue. They provide a secure fit, preventing the napkin from shifting during use.

## 5. Release Paper

The release paper protects the adhesive before use and is removed when the napkin is applied.

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is easy to peel off and ensures that the adhesive remains intact until the napkin is ready to be used.

## 6. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary napkins include fragrances or additives to mask odor or provide additional comfort.

– **Fragrance**: Added to the top sheet or absorbent core, fragrances can help neutralize menstrual odor. However, they may cause irritation for some users with sensitive skin.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: These natural additives are sometimes included to soothe the skin and reduce irritation.

## Properties of Sanitary Napkin Materials

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain menstrual fluid is crucial for preventing leaks and ensuring comfort.
– **Softness**: Materials should be gentle on the skin to prevent irritation and discomfort.
– **Breathability**: Good air circulation helps maintain skin health and reduces the risk of bacterial growth.
– **Biodegradability**: Environmentally friendly materials, such as fluff pulp, are preferred to reduce the environmental impact of disposable sanitary products.
– **Hypoallergenic**: Materials should be free from allergens and irritants to minimize the risk of skin reactions.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary napkins are carefully selected to balance absorbency, comfort, and safety. Understanding these materials and their properties can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.